What do we call the various components such as titles, headings, and photographs in a piece of writing?

The term for the various components such as titles, headings, and photographs in a piece of writing is text features. Text features serve to enhance the reader's understanding and engagement with the material by providing organization and visual cues. They guide readers through the text, highlight important information, and can make complex ideas more accessible. For instance, headings can outline sections, while photographs add context or emotional elements that enrich the text. Recognizing and understanding text features is essential for effective reading comprehension, as they help to convey the structure and key concepts within the writing.