What type of word shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word?

A word that shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word is known as a preposition. Prepositions are essential for connecting ideas in a sentence and often indicate direction, location, time, and manner. For instance, in the phrase "The cat is under the table," the preposition "under" describes the position of the cat in relation to the table, providing clarity about where the cat is located.

In contrast, verbs describe actions or states of being, adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, often providing more detail about how an action is performed, and conjunctions connect words, phrases, or clauses together. While all of these parts of speech play vital roles in sentence structure, it is the preposition that specifically focuses on the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other elements in a sentence, making it the correct choice for this question.