Which term describes a written account of someone’s life by another person?

The term that describes a written account of someone’s life by another person is biography. A biography provides an in-depth look at the individual’s experiences, achievements, and significant events in their life, typically based on research and interviews. It is distinct from an autobiography, which is written by the individual about their own life. Essays are shorter pieces of writing that express the author's viewpoint, while fiction refers to imaginative narratives that are not based on real events or people. Therefore, biography is the correct choice as it directly relates to the account of someone’s life as written by another person.